Technologies behind Touchscreen: A Technical Report on Touchscreen

        Nowadays touch screen are very common in our daily lives, such as: phone, laptop, atm, printer, and camera.Touch Screens have made various devices so simpler to use. It’s so amazing that a simple touch little swipe and required task is done. A touchscreen is an input/output device and normally layered on the top of an electronic visual display of an information processing system which allows the user to interact with the electronic device by touching the display screen. Touch screen are now everywhere not just in smartphone or computer but in supermarkets, atm, and even airplane. You may have noticed that not all the touch screen are same. The old school touch screen can be pretty tough to use, sometimes it feels like a push really hard screen instead of a touchscreen. On the other hand certain smartphone and the computer monitor are really responsive to many different touch pattern. There is lots of different technology out there but they all are trying to achieve same goals, sending precise electrical signals from specific locations.

                (Figure:1)                                                              How it actually works?

             How does swiping your finger across a touch screen make your phone or tablet work? It’s all because of  Electric fields that pop up out of the glass screen in a greek pattern. those electric Fields monitored by Senses at the side of the phone and when you poke your finger in electric field that field changes shape. When the senses detect that change the grid pattern lets you find zero in on your fingers location. When the finger touches the touchscreen, it separate multiple layers of materials that are transmitting currents and the human body has natural electric charge and by touching the touchscreen which create a small amount of voltage is applied to the four corner of touch screen. The location of the point of contact is calculated by the controller and which make touchscreen work. (see fig:1)

  How does various touchscreen works?                                                         (Figure:2)

                                                                                                              How resistive touchscreen work

  1: Resistive touchscreen: (see fig: 2)      

• There is a pair of  layers of conductive material.
• When it touch, the touch creates contact between resistive layers and completing circuit.
• Which creates voltage in circuit changes.
• Controller detects location based on electronic voltage and sensor work.

(Figure:3)

Shows how capacitive touchscreen works                           2: capacitive touchscreen: (see fig: 3)

• capacitive is the most used touch screen around. With these, people use their fingers to work with the touch screen. Capacitive touch screens are usually use in ipads, iphone’s, androids and much more.
• In the capacitive system, under the screen, there is a grid of electronic wires, which create and store electrical charge. When someone touch the screen your finger gets zapped in which can be understood by the screen.

                                                                    (Figure: 4)

                                                                                                             Shows how infrared touchscreen works

 3: Infrared touchscreen:     (see fig: 4)

   It  works with a small  LEDs mounted around the outer edges of the glass front and  divides the surface of the touch screen into small grid of square shape, pressing with your finger or any object on the screen interrupt an vertical and horizontal line. The system finds what rays have been interrupted, therefore it understand where we hols and act depend on consequences.

Conclusion:

              Nowadays touch screen are everywhere such as smartphone, laptop, and atm. It’s so amazing that a simple touch little swipe and required task is done. There are various types of touchscreen and they work differently. Touchscreens, touch panels are display overlays which have the ability to display and receive information on the same screen.

Citation:

• M.Krithikaa, Scholar, IT Department, Sri Krishna Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, India, (2016). – “Touch screen technology”

http://www.ijtrd.com/papers/IJTRD1386.pdf

• Ratana, Musit, (2010). – “comparative study of various touchscreen technologies”

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f44e/8da5ef07d593cb940c19df30a4028428c47d.pdf